“One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest” by Ken Kesey Essay

Since the beginning, the battle of ladies to pick up and support power in the public arena has demonstrated to be troublesome, and has coincided with a competition against the other gender. Ladies have been denied numerous over the span of history. They have been oppressed, lost positions, lost benefits. Women’s testimonial had not created in the United States until the Nineteenth Amendment, which got viable so as to permit the democratic by ladies broadly in the Presidential appointment of August 18, 1920. Cliché perspectives on the perfect highlights of ladies are womanliness, maternity, propriety, care, sustain, and reliance. Not matriarchy, autonomy, nor quality. Ladies are not for the most part connected with these qualities, and society by and large anticipates that ladies should forces the accepted ladylike attributes. This isn't the situation in the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, in which Ken Kesey shows a lady can hold a commanding, ground-breaking job in the public eye and be in opposition to the cliché lady figure to delineate the legitimacy of the society’s sees about ladies and their jobs utilizing the disappointment of the matriarchal female character to prevail at her job accepted by her occupation. The matriarchal female, Mildred Big Nurse Ratched, deals with her domain in the psychological emergency clinic, yet neglects to satisfy her obligations as an attendant of recuperating or helping her patients. The misogynist portrayal of her physical appearance gave by her patients are those normally connected with ladies, be that as it may, she totally negates the ordinary female. She is a matriarchal figure, not maternal. She is incredible, not needy. What's more, she controls total control over the staff and patients of the medical clinic. Be that as it may, her matriarchy doesn't satisfy her obligations accepted by her occupation; to recuperate and support the patients. Rather, she exacerbates the circumstance by lessening their qualities and uncovering their shortcomings; which she never really control in a way which requests to her detects. Enormous Nurse, or Mildred Ratched, endeavors, and succeeds, to make her own reality inside the bounds of the ward; one where she is totally responsible for every one of her subjects. This delineates her solid matriarchal job. Her longing to oversee her condition utilizes a few strategical moves. After persuading her patients to admit their own insider facts, Ratched is comprehended by the patients to utilize the burdens of her patients for her own potential benefit in her achievement of increasing outright force. Attendant Ratched can â€Å"smell out† the dread of her patients and â€Å"put it to use† (17) As the novel advances, we additionally discover that Ratched’s powers inside the ward reach out to crazy measures as she can arrange hurting of the generally problematic patients, which adds to her broad measure of intensity withing the ward. In various significant scenes, we gain proficiency with the degree of her capacity to forestall dangerous freedom: sh e can, notwithstanding all the little crafts of goading the blameworthy openings of her â€Å"patients'† inner voices, request electric stun, even lobotomize the unmanageable or only troublesome patient. (Boardman ) She accomplishes authority over the ward, as her patients, mindful of her capacity, obey enthusiastically or reluctantly. Macintosh, a patient at the medical clinic, vows to bug the attendant â€Å"till she falls to pieces at those slick little seams† (12). In any case, he discovers that he can be regulated as long as the medical caretaker sees fit. He promptly gets cagey, fulfilling, briefly in any event (Boardman)Nurse Ratched can set up unlimited oversight in the ward, and her patients perceive her capacity keep up all out control; a kind of control that is corresponding to a government. In her own domain, Ratched is seen as an influential individual, and the patients begin to comply with her standards. Harding, a patient, clarifies, â€Å"‘We are casualties of a matriarchy here, old buddy, and the specialist is similarly as vulnerable against it as we are'† (54). This sentence is strikingly critical. It certifies the medical caretaker as a predominant character in the emergency clinic, and it likewise sets up the possibility that the patients are not by any means the only ones constrained by her, however the specialists too. On occasion, Ratched alludes to the sexuality of the men in the foundation, making them sub-par on account of their failures. Ratched’s quality, and matriarchial character as a lady straightforwardly negate the expected attributes related with ladies; those of womanliness and sophistication. This logical inconsistency is built up in a manner numerous by pundits that take a gander at the outside of the theme as a misogynist portrayal. In different events all through the movement of the novel, Ratched’s female attributes are exaggeratively depicted by the patients, for example, McMurphy. McMurphy depicts Ratched as having too red lipstick and the tooâ big boobs. (43) and as an a bitch and a vulture and a ballcutter. In this way, Ratched legitimately contradicts the customary delicate perspective on ladies as an authority however is given over-misrepresented female attributes. Kesey’s reason in making this complexity between a cliché lady and a perfect lady that is free and solid is to build up the ineffective endeavor at triumph of the perfect resilient lady. The fruitless endeavors of Ratched are delineated by her inability to meet the expected job of being a medical attendant that comprises of aiding and recuperating her patients. Rather than aiding, Ratched continues to make the state and circumstance of her patients more regrettable and more terrible as she puts them down about their ineptitudes and keeps up complete command over them. Ratched is even seen as abhorrent. McMurphy clarifies, No, that nurture ain’t some kinda beast chicken, mate, what she is a ball-shaper. I’ve seen a thousand of ’em, old and youthful, people. Seen ’em everywhere throughout the nation and in the homesâ€people who attempt to make you powerless with the goal that they can get you to fall in line, to keep their standards, to live like they need you to. †¦ If you’re facing a person who needs to win by making you more vulnerable as opposed to making himself more grounded, at that point watch for his knee, he’s going to go for your vitals. What's more, that’s what that old scavanger is doing. (58) McMurphy likewise alludes to Ratched as secure and this separates her from the average perspective on a female and the clichã ©d mother/prostitute polarity (Quinn) is built up in the novel. There is an uncertainty that emerges over the span of the novel, and the set up polarity talked about by Quinn is extended with an examination of the two sections; the authority and the prostitute. Though Ratched utilizes force and control to achieve her job of care and falls flat, the two prostitutes presented by McMurphy gain the trust and compassion of the peruser. They are seen emphatically and as kind hearted by the patients in the organization. An astounding correlation catches the impression of the two figures; Strong ladies are shrewd and weakening (Quinn) and The ladies saw decidedly in the novel are the sort hearted prostitutes whom Mac acquaints with the men and the thoughtful and small Japanese medical caretaker who chips away at the Disturbed ward. (Quinn) Through this immediate correlation of the tough lady that is separated from a commonplace figure and the cliché lady that entertainers an actâ directly connected with ladies, one can see that the run of the mill lady can do what the other can't; gain the friendship of the male. While Ratched conceals her female qualities by wearing a white coat, the prostitutes show their female characteristics, and increase a positive view from the general public comprised of the medical clinic. McMurphy’s earlier remark of Ratched being secure is connected to this correlation, since sexuality is a characteristic evidently missing from Ratched. Ken Kesey portrays the disappointment of a non-common female figure to achieve her objectives as an overwhelming ground-breaking figure by depicting Ratched as detestable, and contrasting her with prostitutes, who are seen as kind hearted. This disobedient correlation is exceptional since ordinarily prostitutes are seen as a threatening piece of society and medical attendants are seen as limbo. As a direct inverse, the prostitutes can help change the sentiments of the patients, though Nurse Ratched flops hopelessly to achieve her obligation and even compounds the circumstance of her patients. Through the advancement of the female characters in the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, Kesey can persuade the peruser that the cliché lady can effectively support society, while the unordinary matriarchal female can't satisfy her obligations by picking up control and practicing mastery. Works Cited (MLA Format)Boardman, Michael M. â€Å"One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest: Rhetoric and Vision.† Journal of Narrative Technique 9. No. 3. Fall 1979.: 171-83. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Quinn, Laura. Moby Dick versus Huge Nurse: A Feminist Defense of a Misogynist Text: One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. Edited Books: Critical Viewpoints. Ed. Nicholas J. Karolides. Lee Burress. John M. Kean. Scarecrow Press, 1993: 398-413. Rpt. in Novels for Students. Vol. 2. Zubizarreta, John. â€Å"The Disparity of Point of View in One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest.† Literature/Film Quarterly 22. No 1. 1994: 62-9. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism.

The Management and Operation of Food Services Essay

The Management and Operation of Food Services - Essay Example As voyagers become increasingly portable, so does the food they eat. Food, culinary styles and the expanding separation of dishes and cooking styles in the travel industry goals have created. Worldwide beverages and nourishments are rising, for example, Coca-Cola and McDonald's, and nearby and local food is flourishing, and new 'combination food sources' are additionally being made to take care of the 'worldwide soul' (Iyer 2000). Sightseers themselves are adding to gastronomic versatility, by making an interest in their own nations for nourishments they have experienced abroad. Gastronomy has grown extensively as the years progressed. Gastronomy isn't just very hard to characterize, yet the term, much the same as 'culture', has gotten all the more vigorously loaded after some time. As Scarpato appears, the first meaning of gastronomy has widened lately. The Encyclopdia Britannica (2000) characterizes gastronomy as: 'the craft of choosing, planning, serving, and getting a charge out of fine food'. Gastronomy was for the respectability, yet after some time the idea incorporated the 'worker food' run of the mill of territorial and neighborhood cooking. The serving and utilization of food has become a worldwide industry, of which the travel industry is a significant part. Mass visitor resorts can regularly be partitioned spatially based on food. One can spot English voyagers in English bars, German visitors in the Bierkeller. A few vacationers despite everything take part prone to take their own food with them on holiday.Food is a methods for producing and supp orting characters, basically in light of the fact that what we eat and the manner in which we eat are such essential parts of our way of life. Given the solid connection among food and character, it isn't amazing that food turns into a significant spot marker in the travel industry advancement. One of the essential explanations behind this is the solid connection between specific regions and particular sorts of food. As Hughes (1995:114) brings up there is an 'idea of a characteristic connection between an area's territory, its climatic conditions and the character of food it produces. It is this topographical decent variety which accommodates the territorial peculiarity in culinary conventions and the development of a trademark legacy.' This connection among area and gastronomy has been utilized in various manners in the travel industry, including limited time endeavors dependent on particular or 'run of the mill' provincial or national foods.In a gastronomic scene, the powers of g lobalization and restriction are both applying pressures on our dietary patterns. The ascent of inexpensive food has come to describe the globalization of culture and economy epitomized in the term 'McDonaldization' (Ritzer 1993). McDonald's establishments in excess of 25,000 outlets in 120 nations around the world. The Big Mac has become a culinary item that it is utilized to quantify the buying power equality of national monetary standards (Ong 1997). The social capital that we create on vacation with respect to remote food is used in our recreation time to build up our character. The way that numerous individuals look for the solace of the natural on vacation is one factor that assists with supporting the spread of worldwide nourishments. Simultaneously, be that as it may, there is a countervailing power towards more restriction in what Castells call the 'space of spots' - the nearby situations where the greater part of the total populace live their regular daily existences. A re surgence of the neighborhood is likewise being animated by developing

Business and Government Relations Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business and Government Relations - Coursework Example Debilitated valuations consistently speak to the creating worries in accordance with one-sided just as putative choice by the White House. In any case, there isn't genuine change in the U.S in accordance with based oil greatnesss ability to survey oil slick cases. In addition, the feelings of dread with respect to the BP insolvency ought to be very much considered by the U.S government. For sure, the guideline of the subordinates is important to spare the BP oil industry from falling. The Company has helped the U.S economy for such a significant number of years. Accordingly, it isn't reasonable for the present organization of Obama to push more requests to this industry. The natural contamination factor could be a significant obstruction in accordance with the guideline of the exchanging of subsidiaries among U.S and BP industry. The U.S government should in spite of the activity of managing the business relationship with BP oil industry as a result of ecological contamination. The shores have been essentially influenced by the oil slick synthetic concoctions. In the regard of environment, this isn't satisfactory since it influences the lives of numerous species, for example, fish. Hence, then again, the administration ought not manage any exchanging of subordinates with BP oil industry (Alex 57). Another explanation that could likewise thwart the guideline of exchanging of subordinates is counteraction of illnesses. A few people confronted the cut off nature of the substance coming about because of the oil slick by BP and Gulf. They have encountered obscure sicknesses which have been irksome to treat and in this manner caused passings. So as to stay away from further catastrophes, the legislature ought not direct the exchanging of subordinates to serve the lives of

Plastic Pollution and the Effects on Human Health Essay -- Ecology

Where does all the plastic go. All of plastic that has been made is still here. This is on the grounds that plastic is 100% non-biodegradable! Indeed, even the most debased plastic down to polymers can't be processed by microscopic organisms (Laist, 1997). On the off chance that worldwide issues like starvation and environmental change are insufficient to weight on, the heaviness of an issue truly stirring in the Pacific Ocean is alarming. For a considerable length of time most of the world’s populace has not been appropriately instructed on the idea of plastic and the potential damage it can do to our condition and our physical wellbeing. Because of variables of man and the common impacts of nature, a significant issue has built up that is presently hurting our food. Marine plastic is a noticeable indication of human effect on the marine condition. Plastic flotsam and jetsam is in excess of a tasteful issue. It can possibly make risk marine life forms through ingestion and ensnarement (Laist, 1997). There’s such a great amount of plastic out there that it’s beginning to contend as a food hotspot for a wide range of creatures. Plastic in the long run separates into food size pieces and is confused with food by numerous living beings. They botch the plastic particles for tiny fish. The general population has a craving for particular sorts of fish which happen to have an aggregation of various poisons in their body. This happens when those bigger fish species eat a lot of littler fish and different living beings that feed off the microscopic fish plastic blend. Plastics are poisons can de-assimilate out from the plastic and into the tissue and organs of the fish that are eating those littler fish. The poisons climb the evolved way of l ife getting perilously focused. Decades back the quantity of marine warm blooded creatures that kicked the bucket every year because of ingestion and snare ap... ..., J., and M. Moran. 2009. Similar day/night metatranscriptomic investigation of microbial networks in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Ecological Microbiology. 1-18. http://www.fao.org/center/e/fisheries/consum.htm Corno, G., Karl, D., Church, M., Letelier, R., Lukas, R., Bidigare, R., and M. Abbott. 2007. Effect of atmosphere driving on biological system forms in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Diary of Geophysical Research. (112) 1-14. Joined Nations Environment Program (UNEP) Chemicals Program: www.chem.unep.ch US Department of State, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs: http://www.state.gov/e/oes/ Ritter L; Solomon KR, Forget J, Stemeroff M, O'Leary C.. Constant natural contaminations. Joined Nations Environment Program. http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/ritter/en/ritteren.pdf. Recovered 2012-02-16.

The Mississippi Burning: Could the FBI have done more?

Delineated in a 1988 film and subject of numerous diaries, references, and productions, the Mississippi Burning, also called the United States versus Cecil cost et. al. case, has been one of the most acclaimed preliminaries in the nation. Mississippi Burning spins around the homicide of three social liberties activists in Mississippi, 1964. The casualties were Michael Schwerner, James Chaney, and Andy Goodman. The three were in Mississippi to visit the besieged Mt. Zion church, one among the arrangement of twenty dark temples bombarded on Summer, 1964. In this visit, June 21 of that year, the three were captured and unlawfully kept by Deputy Sheriff Cecil Price. It was likewise Price who surrendered the three to the Ku Klux Klan, in a scripted â€Å"release† for the three with the KKK. The assemblages of the three, beaten and shot, were found in a dam just about two months after on August 4. (Mississippi Burning Trial: A Chronology, n.d.) The Ku Klux Klan Racists, psychological oppressors, hostile to Semitistsâ€the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) have been called numerous names from their origination during the 1800s. The Klan began as a gathering advancing racial domination. From their beginnings, they have utilized psychological warfare, terrorizing, and cross consuming against African Americans. While they were effectively smothered, the KKK has wound up resurrected by present day supporters during the 1920s. This subsequent KKK was likewise stifled, yet was restored when the Civil Rights Movement was initiated during the 1960s. The 60s found the Ku Klux Klan of Mississippi related with violations against the social equality activists, most particularly for the Black individuals. The Ku Klux Klan were seen as blameworthy, in government records, for the death of Medgar Evers in 1963, just as in the notable preliminary against Cecil Price for the KKK murder of Schwerner, Chaney, and Goodman. The arrangement of bombings of dark houses of worship were likewise accounted to the individuals from the KKK. Cross burnings all through this period was likewise uncontrolled. (Mississippi Burning Trial: A Chronology, n.d.) As indicated by The Ku Klux Klan (n.d.), the most unmistakable KKK development during the 60s was the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, established by Robert Shelton, who was accounted for to have intensely utilized lynching (crowd executing) to demoralize dark individuals from casting a ballot, in as opposed to the Mississippi Summer Project urging blacks to cast a ballot. Schools, homes and white individuals supporting the development have additionally been defrauded by the KKK’s lynching and different types of terrorizing. This demonstrations of terrorizing, murder, death, homicide, and were not â€Å"invented† by the 1960’s KKK of Mississippi. Or maybe, they are interpretations of the first KKK’s acts during the 1800s. The FBI and the 1960’s Racist Violence Behind the victories and disappointments of the racial separation cases during the 1960s, most particularly in the South, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) assumes a major job. A similar case goes in a much plugged case as that of the Mississippi Burning, which interrelates a few distinctive bigotry instances of consuming, murder, and social equality encroachments in Mississippi into one exceptionally sensationalized court continuing. The FBI, however, utilizes no extraordinary methods in exploring bigot brutality at that point. Truth be told, FBI has had insider facts of its own. Glick (n.d.) states that the FBI has its method of penetrating developments during the 1960s, including dark developments. In his content, Glick recommends that the FBI has COINTELPRO or counter knowledge program which utilizes in any case unlawful methods for examination, for example, invasion, double dealing, and provocation to break down developments. The primary targets were supposed to be Black developments. Along these lines, police bigotry has been existent. There is no known solid connection between the COINTELPRO and the Mississippi Burning case, in any case. Could the FBI have accomplished more? 1960s was a period without the current innovation that FBI appreciates. FBI agents had standard methods to follow, and there is no solid proof that they encroached any of these systems. The Mississippi Burning case was one that has been trialed by general society under the steady gaze of the court. Everyone realized who were liable. Everyone trusted Cecil Price and the KKK were to be sentenced. That, at that point the confirmations and witnesses asserted. In this way, the FBI was adequate and productive in this regard. In any case, there are numerous different cases bigotry savagery and social liberties infringement, the greater part of which were not advanced. The FBI has been aloof in managing these cases. Police prejudice existed, and in the event that it were genuine the COINTELPRO exacerbated the occasions. The FBI could have contrived a unique intend to actualize hostile to bigotry brutality resolutions to help the Civil Rights Movement that was dynamic around then, as it was no standard time. At that point, it will be realized that the FBI has done what's needed. References Glick, B. (n.d.) COINTELPRO returned to: spying and interruption. Recovered July 20, 2006, from http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/COINTELPRO/cointelpro-methods.html Ku Klux Klan, The. (n.d.) Ku Klux Klan. Recovered July 20, 2006, from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkkk.htm Mississippi Burning Trial. (n.d.) Mississippi Burning Trial: A Chronology. Recovered July 20, 2006, from http://www.law.umkc.edu/personnel/ventures/ftrials/price&bowers/miss_chrono.html Â

First Day of Class

First Day of Class Classes started yesterday, which means I became immediately and violently ill the night before. I dont know how or why it happened, but for some reason the idea of spending five hours in lecture sent me into a violent downward spiral hugging the porcelain god all night, and as such Ive been lying around either freezing or burning up in bed or on my couch or somewhere in between trying to figure out why the little birds on my ceiling wont stop cranking that Soulja Boy. Im slightly better today, but all jokes aside, I am actually sick, and I havent been this sick in a while, and that really stinks when you were really, no, really, Mom, looking forward to classes starting. Not to mention had to go to classes when they were starting because a few days ago, I got kicked out of my neurobiology lab for not pre-registering for it before July. Normally, you pre-register for fall classes at the end of spring term, and pre-registration is open until beginning of August, but the really popular classes will fill up before then. I didnt plan on taking this class until next year, and so I didnt pre-register for it until I figured out my schedule in mid-July. And so, on registration day, also known as the day before classes and the day before the sick hit the fan, I got this email: Please be advised that 9.12 is a limited enrollment class and the class was full on 7/1/08.  Please be advised that you need to drop the subject from your schedule. I am sorry for any inconvenience this may cause you. This is majorly inconvenient when 1) you really wanted to take this class this term, as its only offered in the fall and it fits really nicely into your schedule right now and 2) you are so delirious you think the construction workers outside are hammering in morse code and are repreatedly trying to tell you bklbcvb. In desperate response, I emailed the course 9 administrator and the professor of the class, both of whom told me that it was possible for me to get into the class if only I showed up for class on the first day. Except on the first day, yesterday, I was awake for a grand total of like ten minutes. And for those ten minutes, I was either hurling or imagining there were construction workers outside, when really the construction workers and the little birds and Soulja Boy? All in my head. (You know, people tend to ask the bloggers a lot if the admissions officers edit us at all, and I think this entry should pretty much serve as the poster child for a big fat NUH-UH. But blogging while sick should probably be banned in the future.) So: if you are Professor Lois and you are reading my blog, for some strange reason I dont even want to know, please let me into this class. If youre anyone else, please send red Gatorade and Pepto-Bismol. Stay tuned for next week, when we find out if my professors read my blog.

The 9 APUSH Historical Thinking Skills

The AP U.S. History course and exam expect students to be master several key skills that enable them to effectively study, understand, and interpret the past. At least one of these nine APUSH historical thinking skills is tested on every single question on the exam. So just what are these nine essential skills you’re expected to master and demonstrate? Read on to find out more. 1. Analyzing Evidence: Content and Sourcing The first of the nine APUSH historical thinking skills deals with how well you can analyze primary sources. To demonstrate this skill, you should be able to examine a primary source and identify: the author’s purpose and point of view the intended audience the historical context 2. Interpretation This skill deals with analyzing secondary sources — those in which a historian is interpreting the past. To demonstrate this skill, you should be able to examine a secondary source and describe: the author’s argument how well the author supports the argument with evidence how it relates to other historical interpretations 3. Comparison This skill deals with making historical connections by comparing and contrasting events, societies, or perspectives. To demonstrate this skill, you should be able to: compare the points of view found in multiple primary and/or secondary sources find the similarities and differences between events, people, societies, and processes throughout history make comparisons across different time periods and geographic areas 4. Contextualization Contextualization involves the ability to put something in its proper historical context—understanding an event or document in relation to what else was happening at the same time, in the same area, or within the same long-term process. To demonstrate this skill, you should be able to: place events or documents within the broader context of time and place understand how an event relates to what else was going on locally, regionally, nationally, or globally draw conclusions about an event or perspective based on its relation to the broader historical context 5. Synthesis Synthesis is bringing multiple elements together by making connections between different time periods, events, people, cultures, locations, and perspectives. To demonstrate this skill, you should be able to: make connections between various historical issues across time periods and locations make connections between different historical themes 6. Causation Causation is a chronological reasoning skill. It involves understanding cause-and-effect relationships throughout history. To demonstrate this skill, you should be able to: identify long- and short-term causes of historical events evaluate the relative significance of multiple causes of a historical event 7. Patterns of Continuity and Change Over Time This skill asks you to look for patterns in the way that events unfold across time and place. To demonstrate this skill, you should be able to: identify patterns of continuity (how things have stayed the same) and change throughout history describe the importance of these patterns explain how these patterns relate to a broader historical context 8. Periodization Periodization involves understanding how and why historians organize history into periods the way that they do. To demonstrate this skill, you should be able to: explain how historical events are grouped into periods identify turning points in history analyze different models of periodization 9. Argumentation The last one of the APUSH historical thinking skills centers on the ability to make and support an argument about historical events and processes. This skill comes in especially handy on the APUSH essay questions. To demonstrate this skill, you should be able to: construct an argument concerning historical events or processes using a clear thesis develop your argument and support it with relevant evidence evaluate the quality of evidence, including how well the evidence relates to or supports a given argument

Essay on The Problem of Poverty Welfare in America

The Problem of Poverty: Welfare in America For centuries, nations, cities, and individual families have dealt with the problem of poverty; how to remedy current situations and how to prevent future ones. For most of history, there have been no government controlled poverty assistance programs. The poor simply relied on the goodness of their families or, if they did not have a family, on the generosity of the public at large. In the United States, this situation changed in 1935 with the passage of the Social Security Act. The Social Security Act has seen many successes, but it also faces many critiques of its structure and function. In the past, most governments did little to actively aid their poor population. This duty was†¦show more content†¦In 1935, Franklin Roosevelt signed into law the Social Security Act which, among other things, provided for the financial, medical, and material needs of the poor (Komisar 125,128). Since then, there have many additions and reforms to the bill, none of which has served to que ll the controversy surrounding the effectiveness of the welfare system in the United States. The main concerns of the distribution of welfare dollars and resources can be answered by the questions ?Who gets assistance and ?How much do they receive. The U.S. welfare system is administered by the Department of Health and Human Services, which attempts to answer these questions through a system of minimum incomes, government-calculated poverty levels, number of children, health problems, and many other criteria. This complicated system leads to one of the critiques of the welfare system?that it is too large and inefficient. President Lyndon Johnson declared a ?War on Poverty? in 1964 designed to alleviate the burden of the poor and established the Food Stamp program the next year (Patterson 139). In 1996, a major welfare reform bill was passed that placed time limits on welfare assistance, required able participants to actively seek employment, and implemented additional services for t he needy (Patterson 217). The effects of this latest reform are still being studied, but one thing isShow MoreRelatedPoverty in America: Government Welfare Programs are the Problem2373 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract Poverty effected many individual families around the world for many years, and it wasn’t until 1935, The Social Security Act was passed, therefore assisting many families in need. The effects of poverty is an extraordinarily obscure social experience, and the finding those causes is very similar. As a result, sociologists considered other theories of poverty, such as the journey of the middle class, employers, from the cities into the suburbs. The government has taken many steps over theRead More Politics and Poverty Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesPolitics and Poverty Today there is a split in American politics on how to combat poverty. Throughout history, how America combats poverty has changed depending on what party is running the government. There has been a number of different parties however, Republican, Democrat, The Bull Moose Party, and other various ones. However, these views can be put into two main categories: The Liberal ideology and the Conservative ideology. There are three areas, which have broad and differing views on howRead MoreWhy Does Poverty Still Exist Among Black Americans? Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pages Why does poverty still exist among Black Americans? 2016 FA.Soc.220.02 Social Problems Kesha Hicks â€Æ' â€Å"The United States has the highest poverty rate of any advance industrial nation† (Elizabetha, 2013). For many years, black people have considered to be the poorest race in the United states. 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In particularly, Russell explains how poverty is measured, poverty reduction, and the politics of poverty reduction. Research shows that poverty has been a social problem for over five decades in America. During the 1960’s, the issue of poverty was first identified as a social problem and countless efforts have been made to eradicate poverty in the United States. In 1964, theRead MorePoverty, Social Security, and Conspiracy Theories1103 Words   |  4 PagesQuestions: Poverty, Social Security and Conspiracy Theories 1.Why are there still poor people in America half a century after the implementation of a system of social welfare programs that were designed to end poverty? In the 1960s there was a major effort to address the problem of poverty in America. The most significant component was called Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). AFDC was passed in last period of vigorous liberal reforms in the 20th century. 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The effects of doing this have a drastic result of the children living in the situations that they have no control over. Gould and glad discuss the unreeling effects living this way has on children stating. â€Å"- Two of the five leadingRead More The Working Poor Essay769 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans are working full time jobs that are below the Federal poverty line. These types of people are often called the â€Å"working poor†. Due to this the working poor have to run to welfare. This affects all Americans because taxpayers are the ones paying for welfare. The more jobs that are taken overseas, the more poverty we will have. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It is now said that the middle-class Americans are now becoming the poor in America. According to William H. Jasper of the New American magazine:Read MoreRacial Discrimination858 Words   |  4 Pagestopic: Does racial discrimination cause poverty among black people in America? The scene of ghettosThe with poor living conditions of the ghettos in whichwhere black people live is not uncommon., Iit actually manifests a larger picture of racial discrimination which is closely related to poverty. Racial discrimination is about the pre-conceived notion that black people are inferior; they are more prone to violence and totally relianty on social welfare to survive. As a result of these stereotypical

The Globalization Of The United States - 959 Words

ï  ® Marco Rubio is the candidate running for president. ï  ® Rubio has many ideas for America, but the one that stands out the most is protecting the economy in a globalized world; and in order for that happen it has to deal with foreign policy because it play a central role. The main solution for this to happen is to modernizing America system will grow the economy and that will create jobs for America. This is because the modernization of America legal immigration system wills a benefit for America. American will make reforms on a more merit-based that will make America attract more innovators, investor, entrepreneurs, people engaged by the desire to make a better life for themselves. In of this it will create jobs for American workers. Also we need Highly skilled workers because after educating the worlds smartest people will no longer be at home to benefit others economies like India and china, instead America will give them a green with their diplomas. American, also going to expand the highly skilled H1-B visa program to fill jobs that Americans can’t do. To accomplish to a more merit- based immigration system American will eliminate certain categories of family preferences and completely eliminate the diversity visa lottery with other reforms A short concise of the articles and their ideas. Presidential contender Marco Rubio still favors immigration reform but he need a pieces of the legislative because the votes are not in the House of Representatives. Also Rubio is onShow MoreRelatedGlobalization Of The United States853 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization Globalization is a result of each country around the world, depending on one another for certain products as well as needing them to buy specific exports. Without it, no country can flourish and with it, there will always be inequality. It is something that is vital to our country as well as those around the world. The risk of inequality is outweighed by the possible benefits of globalization. After World War II, the United States began rebuilding itself and the economy. Along withRead MoreGlobalization Of The United States850 Words   |  4 Pageshas yet to be constituted. Although not only the United States, but the entire world has globalized, it’s been proven that first world countries have an advantage in being able to heighten themselves quickly, opposed to third world countries that trail behind. Former U.S. Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger, stated, â€Å"What is called globalization is really just another name for the dominant role of the United States† (Prompt), proving that globalization sets a fine line between the perks of those fortunateRead MoreGlobalization Of The United States Essay1744 Words   |  7 Pagesthey have their negative effects. However, the United States as well as developing countries can benefit by furthering globalization, free trade, and integration into the world economy. The dictionary defines globalization as â€Å"the process in which people, ideas and goods spread throughout the world, spurring more interaction and integration between the world s cultures, governments and economies.† I believe that globalization between the United States and poorer countries (hereafter called developingRead MoreGlobalization Of The United States1377 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States is often defined as a â€Å"capitalist† economy, a concept created by a German economist and social theorist Karl Marx, to define a system in which a minor group of persons, who regulate large quantities of capital, create the most important economic decisions. Sometimes capitalism is known as a â€Å"global system of abuse† because at times capitalism is centered on violence and submission. Capitalism puts enormous pressure on society to make capital. In the United States have seen a lotRead MoreGlobalization Of The United States1513 Words   |  7 PagesT he United States, was once a rather competitive country that other countries in the world tried to imitate. No more does this stand true. As of March 10,2016 Pope stated that, â€Å"the trade deficit in goods was approximately $930 billion, or 1.3 percent of gross domestic product† (Pope, 2016). This trade deficit that we are experiencing is of course business as usual. Specifically, this deficit has occurred since 1975 (Pope, 2016). However, the United States can highlight certain industries that weRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The United States1454 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization is an extremely relevant concept in regards to the current shape of the world. Through globalization, ideas are shared across cultures leading to innovations in several departments. I would like to give an overall view and perspective of the impact of globalization on the United States from a macro look at how globalization is now shaping America. Likewise, I will discuss in more detail h ow globalization has impacted the United States as it relates to technology, trade, transportationRead MoreThe Faitlures of Globalization in the United States589 Words   |  2 PagesGlobalization is a concept that we have heard for years, but is not until recent years that we had studied and analyzed the benefits and issues of this international term. During years, it has been discussed the implications that globalization has had in some countries, more or less of them in a decent way and some of them in a corrupted way. Since young, political figures have taught about the role of the United States in the world and how they promote the expression freedom and success around theRead MoreGlobalization On The Rise Of The United States1445 Words   |  6 PagesWith globalization on the rise, many immigrants are migrating to America to follow the American dream; however, many xenophobes in America are against this. They promote hate crimes, therefore, the destruction of other races and religions that are not like their own. Recent rises in immigration to the United States has seemed to spark some hate crimes around the country; especially after the September 11th attacks occurring in 2001. Many people today still have a hard time accepting this movementRead MoreEffects of Globalization: Globalization and the Effects on the United States Economy1713 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization has affected every aspect of the business community in one way or another. Globalization in a simple sense is a business’s movement from one country to another. This is done for a number of reasons; amount of readily available resources, labor market, increased number of customers, and to ultimately become more profitable. There is a decisive advantage for a business to move overseas, but there are a number of drawbacks globalization creates on the local economy. When businessesRead MoreThe Economic Globalization Of The United States1102 Words   |  5 PagesThe economic globalization of any given county is the increase of economic integration of the nation in the world’s economy and is the result of cross-border movement of goods, services, technologies and capital. Economic globalization has been seen to help developing countries arrive at a more stable and stronger economic because of its positive effects on crucial issues such as GDP, and their trade as well as their special interactions with different countries, such as the joining of the European

The Power of the Written Word in The Kite Runner by...

The Power of the Written Word The Kite Runner is a powerful story of love and trust blended with elements of deception and human wickedness at its worst. The full beauty of the story lies in the sundry emotions and subtle nuances provided by the author in the book, and many of the deeper feelings and emotions therein are missed entirely, or touched on much too briefly when viewing the film. Within the very first chapter of the book, Hassan is referred to as Hassan the harelipped kite runner (Hosseini, 2003, p. 8). The fact that Hassan is a harelip, as well as the author deeming it necessary to mention this physical defect lends a particular importance to this fact as the story unfolds. Evidently this†¦show more content†¦48), Amir is afraid, and in that moment of fear he instantly became conscious of the shameful idea that he did not consider Hassan his friend, but rather his servant. Amir is shocked at this inner revelation which doubtless had much to do with social differences, but at the same time could have been discomfiture over Hassans appearance, namely his harelip. He admitted to himself that he only played with Hassan when there was no one else to play with, thereby also acknowledging he had feelings of superiority, as if he were too good for Hassan as an equal. The end of chapter five refers to the various birthday gifts Baba had presented to Hassan over the years, highlighting the best ones. The author caps this with the birthday gift presented to Hassan when he was 11 years old. The gift was significant in the life of Hassan because it surgically fixes the harelip. This episode is not mentioned in the film, therefore detracting from a very vital part of the story. Amir refers to Hassan as being born with that stupid harelip (Hosseini, 2003, p. 55), therefore feeling that Hassan has earned Babas affection or compassion, something Amir feels he has never been able to do. There is somewhat of a void in this story when this vital piece of information is missing because the fixing of the smile coincides dramatically with him never having reason to smile again after the assault by Assef, followedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1422 Words   |  6 PagesPranav Dantu Mr. Bal Honors English 10 20 December 2017 The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini Summary: The Kite Runner is a historical fiction novel written by Khaled Hosseini. The novel is written in a first-person point of view tracing the journey of redemption of an Afghan native named Amir. Amir grows up wealthy and privileged by Afghan standards and is surrounded mostly by his father and his friend, Hassan. Hassan was a less fortunate boy who belonged to the lower caste of the Afghanis, the HazarasRead MoreInfluences on Social Mobility in The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini875 Words   |  4 PagesThe Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini Amir lives in a nice home in Kabul, Afghanistan, with his father. They have two servants, Ali and his son, Hassan. Ali and Hassan are Hazaras, which is an ethnic minority. Hassan is often teased and harassed by a group of boys, one in particular named Assef, who wishes to get rid of all Hazaras in the future. One day an incident happens between Hassan and Assef that changes Amir’s relationship with Hassan forever, bringing Amir to ultimate ly cause Ali andRead MoreThe Kite Runner - Literary Criticism Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesDanil Kukovitskiy The Kite Runner written by Khaled Hosseini can be seen as a great book but at the same time one that is too simple and easy. In discussions of The Kite Runner, one controversial issue has been the inner levels of the novel. On one hand, many people believe that the novel is filled with numerous themes that are deep and make one think about the human experience and will leave you thinking long after you finish reading it. On the other hand, there are also many literary criticsRead MoreAnalysis Of Khaled Hosseini s The Kite Runner 1256 Words   |  6 PagesPallavi Rathore Ms Grindley ENG-3U0 November 18th , 2014 The power of ‘Power’ The ability to witness your wishes seized as demands, when you observe your wishes moulding into realities. When, you hold the darkest secrets, and yet be known with respect and honour. The capacity for a being to stand tall and proud inspite of him having committed sins. The time when you could do all that you desire, and let your actions be shunned for others to be unaware. When, you could call yourself the superior oneRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1530 Words   |  7 Pagesthey will find their answer. In the novel â€Å"The Kite Runner†, Khaled Hosseini uses the symbols of the kites, literature, and the scars to show that Amir must overcome his cowardice and selfishness to achieve maturity and redemption. Hosseini uses the kites as a symbol throughout the novel to show Amir’s path to redemption and maturity from his cowardice and selfish acts through kite fighting, the tournament, and running the kite for Sohrab. Kite fighting is a well known tradition in AfghanistanRead MoreTheme Of Guilt In The Kite Runner986 Words   |  4 PagesGuilt has the incredible power to change an individual’s perspective and affect them for the rest of their life. The Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini, is a world-renowned novel published in 2003 that tells the story of a young boy named Amir who grows up with the guilt of having failed to fight the group of boys who raped his closest friend. One of the main themes Hosseini emphasizes in the novel, is the powerful affect of guilt on one’s self. Different characters such as Amir, Sanubar andRead MoreA Thousand Splendid Suns And The Kite Runner3258 Words   |  14 Pagesthe nation. Afghani descent, Khalad Hosseini the auth or of two heart touching and utterly amazing stories, has watched his people suffer, die and fight miserably for their freedom. He expresses his sorrow and love for his country in his writings A Thousand Splendid Suns and The Kite Runner. He explores the values of the Afghan society. Through his works, the readers have a sense of understanding of the exotic and rich culture that exists in Afghanistan. Hosseini expresses through his writing, theRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini3402 Words   |  14 Pagestitle â€Å"The Kite Runner† is symbolic as fighting kites and the kite runnings are impacting moments in the novel. Hassan was the best kite runner in Kabul, if not the whole country, after Amir won the kite fighting the running of that last blue kite triggered the monumental changes for Amir. For the beginning of the story the kite running was associated with Hassan’s rape and Amir’s grief. As kites appear throughout the story, they begin Amir’ s story and also end it. Amir flying the kite with SohrabRead MoreThe Kite Runner759 Words   |  4 PagesThe Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseinis powerhouse debut novel, was recommended to me by a friend whose literary tastes Id never previously had the opportunity to compare with my own. Its always reassuring to me when I find that someone I respect has standards that reasonably approximate my own. The novel is currently a bestseller, and is hailed as the first Afghan novel written in English. I liked The Kite Runner enough to read it through twice. It was a gripping read the first time around. It heldRead MoreThe Kite Runner And The Animal Farm1804 Words   |  8 Pagesand cruel way and prevented from having oppurnities and freedom it also can be in a situation way a particular powerful person is oppressing a particular person with less power. For those who are involve in a society that the governed is are unfair and rule in a cruel way are known as the oppressed and those who are wit h the power and privilege are known as the oppressor. Oppression can be identified in many ways, they are gender oppression, race oppression, politic oppression, religion oppression

Personal Reflection - 712 Words

Dr. Paul Farmer once said, â€Å"That’s when I feel most alive, when I’m helping people.† And that could not be truer for myself. I am fascinated and committed to improving the health of medically underserved regions spanning from my home within Appalachia and far beyond to international borders. Today as I write this, I triaged over 100 patients alongside nurses and medical students in the Dominican Republic; further learning what it truly means to become adaptable and use inter-disciplinary strength. Each member of our team in the Dominican Republic brought with us unique backgrounds, all of which combined to positively impact the lives of our patients in need. As an experienced EMT and emergency room medical scribe, I offered my knowledge of†¦show more content†¦From large parts of America, to many developing countries, all some can do is the best they can with what they have. I know that I can continue to improve upon the ways to provide compassion a nd care to these people in need to improve their day, their life, and their community. These are my future patients, these are the lives I hope to change, and ultimately they are my inspiration to pursue a career in which I can continually improve human life. Because through experiential learning and caring for the medically underserved is when, I too, feel alive. 7. Please share unique, personally important, and/or challenging facts in your background, such as the quality of your early educational environment, socioeconomic status, culture, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, or life or work experiences. Please discuss how such factors have influenced your goals and preparation for a career in medicine. Growing up as a gay man in rural Virginia forced me into a unique upbringing that taught me lifelong lessons on acceptance, diversity, and the willingness to see from others’ perspectives especially when they do not align with my own. Being part of an ostracized group in a socially conservative region, I felt pressured to conform to the norms of the society in which I lived. Even though being gay is a part of who I am, I feel that the perspective I gain every day fromShow MoreRelatedPersonal Reflection756 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal reflections are characterized as learning through experience in gaining new insights and changed perception of self and practices. Reflection can be a difficult experience without the support and guidance of an expert (Johns, 2004). This personal reflection presents an exciting opportunity for me to consider how successful my placement in the intermediate care has been in terms of my own personal learning. By reflecting on the positive aspects of the placement, I will be able to make senseRead MorePersonal Reflection And Development Plan1431 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Reflection and Development Plan Reflective practice has helped many people to improve their learning. It is a valuable tool often used by healthcare and education providers to improve their approach to work by questioning their actions. Throughout my short time spent in Higher Education (HE) I have learned many new aspects of learning like different learning styles and models of reflection and this provides me with an opportunity to look back over these ideas and reflect. This will allowRead MoreReflection Of My Own Personal Development1637 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen established that reflection is a generic term for intellectual and effective activities, in which individuals examine their experiences, in order to develop new understanding and intrapersonal appreciation (Knowles, et al., 2006). Research in this field has advocated reflective practice as an approach to professional development which positively impacts coaching effectiveness (Cropley, et al., 2012). This reflective report shall discuss, analyse and ev aluate my own personal development throughoutRead MorePersonal Reflection Paper1371 Words   |  6 PagesThat is why Id like to take the time to explain a few important topics on invidious comparison and vicarious traumatization, such as; how to stop invidious comparison, identify strategies that I currently use to avoid vicarious traumatization in my personal life, how those strategies will help me avoid vicarious traumatization as a human service worker and what strategies I could develop to avoid it as well. I myself have compared myself to others at such a level that it did damage to my own self-esteemRead MorePsychology Personal Reflection Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesCemetery Visit Death comes to everyone human being living on the planet. I view death in two ways the first one is a long-lived life where the person enjoyed their life and die of natural causes. The second one is a short-lived life they did not get to enjoy the life to which it was given to but taken away by an unforeseen cause. Visiting this cemetery brings me sadness and a eerie feeling, the weather is overcast cloudy and very cold, I can see sun rays ahead of me peaking throughRead MorePersonal Reflection Paper on Health Dimension Goals1109 Words   |  5 Pagestime management skills, and maintaining a life balance of both my academics and my social life. Physical wellness doesn’t only involve aspects of life that are necessary to keep yourself in top condition, but it is also concerned with developing personal responsibility for your own health care. Working out, together with eating well isn’t all you need to do to achieve physical wellness. You must also sleep the recommend hours of sleep and receive regular check ups for you Physician. The physicalRead MoreReflection On Personal Reflection1307 Words   |  6 PagesPERSONAL REFLECTION 2 PERSONAL NARRATIVE This assignment seems to be the most difficult to write because it will encompass a wealth of information. The most important part of this assignment is the opportunity to reflect on the course assignments and the impact this foundational base will have for future classes. Every event in life has to start somewhere and this start sets the stage forRead MorePersonal Reflection786 Words   |  4 Pages My Reflection Paper As relational human beings, people communicate with each other both verbally and nonverbally. Therefore, communication constitutes an important and unavoidable aspect of one’s daily life. Because of communication’s importance, it is beneficial for individuals to investigate their own communication strengths and weaknesses. When people become aware of personal communication weakness, it enables them to take useful measures to improve their communication effectiveness. Thus, inRead MorePersonal Reflection1034 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Reflection I am very proud of myself for completing my master’s degree this past May. This is my highest educational accomplishment thus far. Also, I feel blessed for my job as a Spanish teacher at Jackson Elementary. Working in a Title I school district has given me the chance to develop new strategies and skills to meet of disadvantaged, at-risk students. Nonetheless, one of my aspirations is also to be an ESL teacher, so I can help English language learners and assist new immigrantsRead MorePersonal Reflection1209 Words   |  5 PagesInterview and Personal Reflection When I arrived at the agency, the room was crowded and many people were waiting for their turned to be served at one of the several tables. The person that I interviewed for this assignment was Emily Hampshire, the coordinator of one of a program called 180. Emily has been with the agency for over a year and is currently the coordinator of the agency’s newest program. This program is a gang prevention and intervention program and was created for the local at-risk

Berkeley Free Essays

The concerns of idealism and empiricism have been of continual concern in philosophy.   Pre-Kantian thought had this collision at the highest point of controversy.   Idealism holds the view that reality is composed in the consciousness of various agents. We will write a custom essay sample on Berkeley or any similar topic only for you Order Now It finds its most radical postulation in the work of George Berkeley.   Berkeley famously holds that view that nothing exists in the absence of perception – ‘to be is to be perceived’, as the maxim states.   The reality of objects is assured by their projection onto or within the consciousness of different agents. Idealism here is represented by Berkeley who is the foremost proponent of a pure idealism in the western philosophical tradition.   Similarly, he is the only major immaterialist thinker in his era of Enlightenment philosophy.   The role of the perceiver is the final referent in the equation.   This is in line with the return to science and the re-appropriation of classical values that characterized the Enlightenment worldview.   Empiricism is headed by John Locke, the emphasis here is thus not as much on the perceiver as it is on the perceived objects.   Within both traditions of philosophic thought there is great emphasis on perception as the key determining process in the attainment of reality (or an accurate representation thereof). When perception is the key to proper inquiry there are two main branches of problems that must be accounted for, illusion and delusion.   Illusion is a problem or difficulty with the function of sensory input and delusion, being a problem with the perceiving mind.  Ã‚   The opposition between a mental and perceptual problem doesn’t hold up as well in contemporary philosophic thought, however it seems necessary to include these models of thought for the purpose of explicating the idealist-empiricist debate circa 1700s.   Another framing concern is the epistemological character of the entire dialogue.   It is specifically a drive toward certainty that fueled much philosophic inquiry. Illusions, in the sense that one’s perceptions imply contradictory things, have often fascinated philosophers from Plato through Descartes and even until today.   In Berkeley’s work Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous, he discusses a number of perceptual discrepancies using Philonous as his mouthpiece.   The problem is stated that if one puts a hot hand in water the temperature feels cooler and warmer if one places a cold hand in the same water (Berkeley 142-143). This is done within the context of Berkeley’s idealist project which is to remove attributes from the object and describe things in terms of their existence in perception.   He starts by mentioning the limits of the senses: they cannot infer from observation to causes and are bound to that which is immediately perceived (Berkeley 138).   In this manner, he argues that since there is a discrepancy in the perception of the same object. The ‘temperature’ of the water must not be a uniformed attribute that exists within the water.   Otherwise, the water must be at once hot and cold and this is rejected as an absurdity (Berkeley 143). Hylas raises the objection that while the sensation may be in the perceiver, the quality that gives rise to it must be within the object.   This is countered by stating that such a quality has no bearing as we know of it only by our intellect.   That is, we have removed it from any sort of corporeality.   He writes in his principles that ideas of one God and ideas of man are both subject to being ideas, they cannot exist â€Å"otherwise than in a perceiving mind† (Berkeley 74). Locke’s approach to this particular problem is addressed in a different way in his Essays Concerning Human Understanding.   While Berkeley describes the sensations of heat and cold as analogous to sweetness and bitterness or more generally pleasure and pain, Locke conceives the situation of temperature as analogous the properties of motion.   Locke holds the view that heat and cold are actually a form of motion at a minute level (Locke 2.8.21). This is, of course, a prototypical view for the modern scientific view of temperature where heat is represented by low-level vibration of particles.   The faster the vibration the higher the temperature.   With this model, what we feel in the bucket example is the deceleration of particles in the warm hand and the acceleration of particles in the cool hand.   The differential temperatures see to average themselves out.   This model is well in line with the contemporary palette, however, it fails to address Berkeley’s perspective which erases the concept of an inherent quality. The problem of delusion is brought up, again in Berkeley’s Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous.   Hylas posits, â€Å"What difference is there between real things and chimeras formed by the imagination . . . since they are all equally in the mind?† (Berkeley 197).   The answer comes that â€Å"ideas formed by the imagination are faint and indistinct†(Berkeley 197).   This may be a submerged reference to Descartes demand for ‘clear and distinct’ ideas as the foundation of analytic truths. Locke discusses this in his Essays Concerning Human Understanding.   He suggests that wit produces combinations of ideas while judgement separates them (Locke 2.11.2).   He writes, â€Å"How much the imperfection of accurately discriminating ideas one from another lies, either in the dulness or faults of the organs of sense; or want of acuteness, exercise, or attention in the understanding† (Locke 2.11.2). Furthermore, he suggests that ideas must link up with things.   Sensation is produced by the conformity of the object with the perceiver (4.4.4). The distance between the two thinkers is thus that of their views of the fundamental role of perception.   For Berkeley it may seem that Locke is being overly skeptical on the role of the perceiver.   For in the thinking of Locke the mind is not the origin but the senses which shape the mind.   For Locke, we are born tabula rasa, a blank slate to be impressed by our sensory input. Our mind takes up the job of shaping sensation after that point.   This is to say with Locke we are in an a posteriori epistemology whereas with Berkeley we are a priori.   The problem for Berkeley could thus be characterized as finding the foundation of knowledge on the continually shifting horizon of sensation rather than the static, constant world of ideas.   In a way this is analogous to the divergence between Heraclitus who wrote that â€Å"nothings stays fixed† and Parmenides who held that â€Å"Being is unchanging† (Wheelwright 70,90).   The problem has come from a long history and different forms of this dispute will likely continue with eternal perpetuity. Works Cited Armstrong, David M.. â€Å"Introduction†. In Berkeley’s Philosophical Writings.   Ed. David M. Armstrong. New York: Collier Books, 1965.   7-34. Berkeley, George.   Berkeley’s Philosophical Writings.   Ed. David M. Armstrong. New York: Collier Books, 1965. Locke, John. An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume I. Jan 2004. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10615/10615.txt.   May 21, 2007. Locke, John. An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume II. Jan 2004. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10616/10616.txt.   May 21, 2007. Wheelwright, Philip.   The Presocratics.   New York : The Odyssey Press.   1966. How to cite Berkeley, Essay examples

Meteorology Essay Example For Students

Meteorology Essay Meteorology 113Midterm1.METAR CYSX 161700Z 24015KT 3SM SN OVC015 4/-5 aq3006 RMK SC8 SLP221In the weather report above, what is the: (include units) (6 marks)WindPrevailing VisibilityCurrent WeatherClouds (base and type)Temperature / Dew PointAltimeter Setting2.Name two weather elements normally found in a Metar that will not be reported in a SPECI. (2 marks)3. SKC in a TAF stands for ____________________________________________. 4.Decode completely 1/2SM + RA BR VV020. (3 marks)5. TAF CYPR 061742Z 061806 26015G25KT P6SM SCT020 BKN060FM1800Z 33015G25KT P6SM SCT012 BKN025TEMPO 18045SM SHRAOVC012FM0400Z 33020G30KT 3SM SHRA BR OVC005BECMG 0305 P6SM NSW SCT005 OVC012(a)What is the period of this TAF? (2 marks)(b)At 2000Z what is the forecast surface wind? (2 marks)(c)What is the lowest ceiling forecast between 18 and 06Z?(d)At 0500Z what weather conditions are being forecast at CYPR? (5 marks)Wind__________________________________________________________________Ceiling_________________________________________________________________Visibility_______________________________________________________________Weather and/or obstruction to vision_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(e) At what time are winds forecast to begin to decrease? Explain your answer. (2 marks) 6.FDCN03 CWAO 051530FCST BASED ON 051200 DATA VALID 061200 FOR USE 06-1730006 00090001200018000YVR 18382048+032146-032251-082264-19YYF 99001912-012231-032248-072766-18YXC2307+002428-022537-072544-17YZP20262127-052128-122131-192041-31YZT 22152222-032231-082139-142060-25YPU2115-022139-062149-122064-23YXS1834-042240-052246-102056-22YYD1721-062133-092040-151953-27(a)What is the valid period for the forecast winds above? (b)In the digital winds above, wind direction is forecast in degrees____________and wind speed in_____________. (2 marks)(c)What is the forecast wind (direction and speed) and temperature at 12,000 feet over Puntzi Mountian (YPU)? (2 marks)(d)What is the forecast wind direction and speed at 9,000 feet over Kelowna?(2 marks)(e)Estimate the wind direction and speed and temperature over Penticton (YYF) at 15,000 feet. (3 marks)7.Decode completely the following digital wind for 34,000 feet 619935. (4 marks)8.You are flying at 10,000 feet towards an airport with elevation of 2,127 feet. You ask the FSS operator for the current digit winds at 3, 6 and 9 thousand feet and are told that no wind is available for 3,000 feet. Why is no wind available?9.On a Clouds and Weather panel of a graphic area forecast cloud layers will be described as to:(a)amount and the base of the cloud(b)amount and the top of the cloud(c)amount and the bases and top of the cloud(d)none of the above10.For an equivalent amount of cooling, more energy is released during condensation at ____________________temperatures. (a)colder(b)warmer(c)they will be the same(d)energy will be absorbed, not released11.The three principle properties of the atmosphere are:(a)rain, snow, hail(b)heat, cold, moisture(c)expansion, compression, mobility(d)pressure, temperature, wind12.Atmospheric processes which effect the weather are, for the most part, restricted to the:(a)thermosphere(b)mesosphere(c)stratosphere(d)troposphere13.The temperature in the lowest part of the stratosphere_______________with altitude. (a)increases(b)nearly constant (c)decreases slowly(d)decreases rapidly14.Why when using a graphic area forecast is it important to be aware of the elevation of the local topography? (2 marks)15.The following phrase is found in a graphical area forecast. Decode and explain the significance of CIGS 3-8 AGL. (3 Marks)16.The term IFR CIG/SN is a forecast of what meteorological conditions. (3 marks)17.____________________ heat is the energy absorbed or released during a phase change of water. (1 mark)18.Define Saturation. (2 marks)19.The small particles in the atmosphere that are necessary for condensation to occur are called ________________________________________. (1 mark)20.Define:a)Relative Humidity (2 marks)b)Dew Point ( 2 marks)21.The boundary between the troposphere and _________________________ is called the ___________________________. (2 marks)22.The combined effects of ___________________ and _____________________ causes the lower several thousand feet of the atmosphere to be heated from below. (2 marks)23.Name three methods that heat is distributed through the atmosphere. (3 marks)a) ________________________________b) ________________________________c) ________________________________Words/ Pages : 631 / 24

Post Modern American Poetry Essay Example For Students

Post Modern American Poetry Essay Where Is The Angel? and Forenoons Movies One of my favorites from the Black Mountain College poets was Denies Lovers Where Is The Angel? . In the flirts stanza of this poem, you can already point out a metaphor and biblical reference. Where is the angle for me to wrestle? No driving snow in the glass bubble, bust mild September. I think first off, the speaker is asking, Why have I not been challenged? The glass bubble that the speaker Is referring to Is a metaphor for a snow globe. Then, In the bible Jacob wrestles and angel. Elevator as a very religious person, so I would think that that is where the biblical reference is coming from. I would like to think that the speaker is older, possibly sheltered his/ her entire life, and asking where their test of faith is, and if It is coming at all. The speaker continues on to describe the surrounds In the globe; It is not snow, yet more of a fall. The air is warm; the colors are gold and brown. I think that the speaker is referring to their life, and that they are pretty much happy, but then in sixth stanza presents us with this image, A band of iron, like they put round a split tree, circles y heart. The speaker obviously has or had a broken heart, the band of Iron Is to pull the heart back together and fix it. I think that its in the process of healing and had previously been broken, because right after that line, the speaker talks of it being pleasant in the globe. The last two stanzas are asking again, where is their angel to wrestle. Maybe the speaker Is wo rried that they havent paid their dues and Is concerned If their trip to heaven has been earned. I dont completely understand this poem, but its really not about understanding, its about how the poem makes you feel. I thought that this was one of the best of the Black Mountain poets works. One of my other personal favorites Is Robert Creels Forenoons Movies. I know a bunch of people complain about Creels work because his may be more difficult than others, but I really enjoyed this poem of his. There are obviously two scenes: one of a young boy and one of the old, aging Lancelot. I think Creels purpose of this was to give the Illusion of time In one poem. In the first one tells a classic story of a young boy and girl being watched by two poor people from a bridge adjacent to hem, the bride representing choice; choosing your path. Cruelly is trying to point out in the first story that when you are young, you feel invincible. The second story tells of the aging Lancelot. Im not completely sure of his full meaning of this or the purpose, but Id like to think that Cruelly is saying that life is full of mistakes and you are going to age. At the end of the poem, in the last stanza, Lancelot is sitting there on his horse, thinking about his mistakes contemplating life. Maybe, the two older people watching the younger couple are a foreshadowing of Lancelot aging in the second half of the poem. What Is Like about not Just Cruelly, but about all of the Black Mountain poets, their works can be taken in any which way you want them. 1 OFF poem. Both of these works by Denies Elevator and Robert Cruelly can be interpreted in infinite ways. These two were my favorite that we have read so far. Most of the poets in the Black Mountain College were all completely different from each other so, that is why their works are all extremely different and diverse. But they are all equally important to the Postmodern American Poetic movement.

Montgomery Bus Boycott essays

Montgomery Bus Boycott essays During the first half of the twentieth century segregation was the way of life in the south. It was an excepted, and even though it was morally wrong, it still went on as if there was nothing wrong at all. African-Americans were treated as if they were a somehow sub-human, they were treated because of the color of their skin that somehow, someway they were different. In the south it was almost impossible to find any aspect of life that was not segregated. The schools were segregated and the restaurants were segregated. There was Colored Only bathrooms, and Colored Only drinking fountains and segregation was definitely present in public transportation. Martin Luther King Jr. could not have said it better when he addressed the massive crowd at the first meeting of Montgomery Improvement Association and said, . . . we are here, we are here because we are tired now.1 On December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks, a seamstress who lived in Montgomery, Al, refused to give her seat up to a white man who had nowhere to sit on the bus. Because she would not move to the back of the bus, she was arrested for violating the Alabama bus segregation laws. Rosa was thrown in jail and fined fourteen dollars. Enraged by Mrs. Parks arrest the black community of Montgomery united together and organized a boycott of the bus system until the city buses were integrated. The black men and women stayed of the buses until December 20, 1956, almost thirteen months after the boycott their goal was reached. The Montgomery Bus Boycott can be considered a major turning point in the Civil Rights Movement because it made Martin Luther King Jr. public leader in the movement, starting point for non-violent protest as an effective tool in the fight for civil rights, showed that African-Americans united for a cause could stand up to segregation, and was big step towards integration and civil rights for African-Americans in America.. ...

4 Key Models in Urban Geography That Explain Land Use

4 Key Models in Urban Geography That Explain Land Use Walk through most contemporary cities, and the mazes of concrete and steel can be some of the most intimidating and confusing places to visit. Buildings rise up dozens of stories from the street and spread for miles out of view. Despite how hectic cities and their surrounding areas can be, attempts at creating models of the way cities function have been made and analyzed to make our understanding of the urban environment richer. Concentric Zone Model One of the first models created for use by academics was the concentric zone model, developed in the 1920s by urban sociologist Ernest Burgess. What Burgess wanted to model was Chicagos spatial structure with regards to the usage of zones around the city. These zones radiated from Chicagos center, The Loop, and moved concentrically outward. In the example of Chicago, Burgess designated five different zones that had separate functions spatially. The first zone was The Loop, the second zone was the belt of factories that were directly outside of The Loop, the third zone included homes of laborers who worked in the factories, the fourth zone contained middle-class residences, and the fifth and final zone hugged the first four zones and contained the homes of the suburban upper class. Keep in mind that Burgess developed the zone during an industrial movement in America and these zones worked mainly for American cities at the time. Attempts at applying the model to European cities have failed, as many cities in Europe have their upper classes located centrally, whereas American cities have their upper classes mostly at the periphery. The five names for each zone in the concentric zone model are as follows: Central business district (CBD)Zone of transitionZone of independent workersZone of better residencesCommuters zone Hoyt Model Since the concentric zone model isnt applicable to many cities, some other academics attempted to further model the urban environment. One of these academics was Homer Hoyt, a land economist who was mostly interested in taking a look at rents within a city as a means of modeling the citys layout. The Hoyt model (also known as the sector model), which was developed in 1939, took into account the effect of transportation and communication on a citys growth. His thoughts were that rents could remain relatively consistent in certain slices of the model, from the downtown center all the way to the suburban fringe, giving the model a pie-like look. This model has been found to work especially well in British cities. Multiple-Nuclei Model A third well-known model is the multiple-nuclei model. This model was developed in 1945 by geographers Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman to try and further describe a citys layout. Harris and Ullman made the argument that the citys downtown core (CBD) was losing its importance in relation to the rest of the city and should be seen less as the focal point of a city and instead as a nucleus within the metropolitan area. The automobile began to become increasingly important during this time, which made for greater movement of residents to the suburbs. Since this was taken into consideration, the multiple-nuclei model is a good fit for sprawling and expansive cities. The model itself contained nine differing sections that all had separate functions: Central business districtLight manufacturingLow-class residentialMiddle-class residentialUpper-class residentialHeavy manufacturingOutlying business districtResidential suburbIndustrial suburb These nuclei develop into independent areas because of their activities. For example, some economic activities that support one another (for instance, universities and bookstores) will create a nucleus. Other nuclei form because theyd be better off far from one another (e.g., airports and central business districts). Finally, other nuclei can develop from their economic specialization (think of shipping ports and railway centers). Urban-Realms Model As a means of improving upon the multiple nuclei model, geographer James E. Vance  Jr. proposed the urban-realms model in 1964. Using this model, Vance was able to look at San Franciscos urban ecology and summarize economic processes into a sturdy model. The model suggests that cities are made up of small realms, which are self-sufficient urban areas with independent focal points. The nature of these realms is examined through the lens of five criteria: The topological terrain of the area, including water barriers and mountainsThe size of the metropolis as a wholeThe amount and strength of the economic activity taking place within each of the realmsThe accessibility internally of each realm in regards to its major economic functionThe inter-accessibility across the individual suburban realms This model does a good job at explaining suburban growth and how certain functions that are normally found in the CBD can be moved to the suburbs (such as shopping malls, hospitals, schools, etc.). These functions diminish the importance of the CBD and instead create distant realms that accomplish approximately the same thing.

News letter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

News letter - Assignment Example To be clear, it is the individual’s mental state, not the method, which counts towards attaining ASC. Still, for the sake of discussion, below are the methods that aid in altering the state of consciousness. 1. Relaxation – This involves free or unrestrained body movements. Unrestrained movements are believed to reflect free emotional expression. It is also believed that muscular blocks causes repression. 2. Massage – This is used for stress-related behavior disorders. It is believed to have an impact on the consciousness. The assumption believes that behavior is manifested in the physical body. Body structure is influenced by attitude. Changes in muscle thickness and length are also caused by emotions. 3. Dance – Every dance is believed to have an impact on consciousness as well. Special dances like the Tai Chi Ch’uan of China and the Sufi dance are thought to promote physical and mental health, and facilitate alteration of consciousness. 5. Breathing - Deep breathing aids in relaxation due to its rhythm’s connection with the mind. Its rhythm is dependent on the state of consciousness. Breathing control also allows an individual to control the mind.. 6. Expressive Techniques – Allowing expression of anger in controlled environment (anger therapy) also aids in relaxation and tension release (Grosklags, 2006, p 47). However, it has to be done with caution as overdoing it could result in more aggressive behavior due to more negative emotions. The second set of methods involves two social activities. The first one is the manipulation of social factors. This method involves total withdrawal from society and change in social functioning (McKay, 2006, p 21). The second method is alteration of social relationships. It is said that when people interact, there is a potential growth (McKay, 2006, p 23). From this viewpoint, maladjustment or suffering could result in greater maturity or development in the end. Changes in social values can aid in

Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Obesity - Essay Example A Health Survey in England showed that 24.5% of adolescents above the age of 15 were suffering from obesity. It also showed that 13.9% of the children between the age group of 2 and 10 years were suffering from obesity (Department of Health 2009). Similarly other researches show that the rate of obesity in UK has increased to 22.1% in males and 21.9% in females (Information Center 2006). Obesity is defined as â€Å"an excess of body fat accumulation or adiposity with multiple organ specific adaptive or maladaptive consequences† (Iacobellis 2009). Causes: Obesity can be caused by both genetical and environmental factors. Genetical factors relate to the genes of the human body and any mutation in them. In human beings there is a gene known as the Ob gene. This gene is responsible for the risk of obesity in many individuals. Any change in the gene leads to obesity in the general population. The gene is related to a hormone known as leptin in the body. Leptin is a hormone or trans mitter which helps in conveying specific signals to the brain. The body fat has to be maintained by this hormone as it sends signals to the brain to regulate the metabolism of fat (NCBI 1998). Other than the genetic factors the disease also occurs because of the environmental factors involved. ... Increased fat in the diet is a reason because of which people get obese. Obesity has also been known to be related to psychological pathologies. Depression and eating disorders such as binge eating increases the level of stress individuals. Obesity itself causes a person to face from several psychological disorders too. These include the lowered self confidence of an individual along with less motivation to carry out specific tasks (Biddle et al 2009). Effects: The effects of obesity are spread all over the body and can result in several health conditions. It is a pathological state which has a huge effect on the cardiovascular system. The increased fat in the body leads to elevated blood pressure and hence increases the risk of stroke and coronary heart diseases. The blood flow in the individual increases and the lumen of the vessels in which the blood flows, decreases simultaneously because of excessive deposition of fat and cholesterol. This excessive deposition of cholesterol and fat is also known as plaques and leads to emboli. Emboli are clots which have been moved from one position to the other. These clots can reach areas far from the heart such as the brain. Emboli can lead to immediate death if they reach a certain part of the brain. Obesity also increases the risk of cancers such as breast cancer, colon cancer and endometrial cancer. It is known to be a major cause of diabetes mellitus as it results in the resistance of insulin within the cells. The musculoskeletal system is also affected as the joints become immoveable and this result in osteoarthritis. The respiratory system can also be affected by obesity as an obese individual may have difficulty in breathing he is sleeping. This condition is referred to as Sleep

Factors Influencing Individual Behaviour in an Organization

Factors Influencing Individual Behaviour in an Organization Q. (a) how do individual differences and environmental factors influence human behavior in an organization? Justify your answer with examples. (b) A manufacturing company making automotive parts finds that workers working on the assembly line have poor attendance, leave for home early and are generally unproductive. They are fully unionized and resist any attempts by management to discipline them. If you are the HR Manager of such a company, what would you do? Discuss with reference to theories of motivation, leadership, participative management and quality circles. Organizational Behaviour: Is a field of study which explores the impact that individuals, groups and structures have on behaviour within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving organizations effectiveness. Importance of Organization behaviour: OB is going to explain the cause-and effect relationship to modify behaviour for organizational needs. Here no two human beings will behave in an identical manner. OB seeds to explore certain consistencies in behaviour, in order to promote a rational understanding of behaviour and some degree of predictability. Approaches in Organizational Behaviour: Factors Influencing Human Behavior In order to address human factors in workplace safety settings, peoples capabilities and limitations must first be understood. The modern working environment is very different to the settings that humans have evolved to deal with. The following human characteristics that can lead to difficulties interacting with the working environment. Attention -The modern workplace can overload human attention with enormous amounts of information, far in excess of that encountered in the natural world. The way in which we learn information can help reduce demands on our attention, but can sometimes create further problems Perception -In order to interact safely with the world, we must correctly perceive it and the dangers it holds. Work environments often challenge human perception systems and information can be misinterpreted. Memory -Our capacity for remembering things and the methods we impose upon ourselves to access information often put undue pressure on us. Increasing knowledge about a subject or process allows us to retain more information relating to it. Logical reasoning -Failures in reasoning and decision making can have severe implications for complex systems such as chemical plants, and for tasks like maintenance and planning. Environmental, organizational and job factors, in brief, influence the behavior at work in a way which can affect health and safety. A simple way to view human factors is to think about three aspects: the individual, the job and the organization and their impact on peoples health and safety-related behavior. Following figures shows that all three are interlinked and have mutual influence The typical examples of immediate causes and contributing factors for human failures are given below: Individual factors low skill and competence level tired staff bored or disheartened staff individual medical problems Job factors illogical design of equipment and instruments constant disturbances and interruptions missing or unclear instructions poorly maintained equipment high workload noisy and unpleasant working conditions Organisation and management factors poor work planning, leading to high work pressure lack of safety systems and barriers inadequate responses to previous incident management based on one-way communications deficient co-ordination and responsibilities poor management of health and safety Poor health and safety culture. It is concluded that the performance of human is being strongly influenced by organizational, regulatory, cultural and environmental factors affecting the workplace. For example, organizational processes constitute the breeding grounds for many predictable human errors, including inadequate communication facilities, ambiguous procedures, unsatisfactory scheduling, insufficient resources, and unrealistic budgeting in fact, all processes that the organization can control. What is Perception? How we view and interpret the events and situations in the world about us. FACTORS INFLUENCING PERCEPTION: Perception is influenced by mainly three sets of factors: i) Factors in the perceiver (perceiver variables); ii) Factors in the target (subject characteristics); iii) Factors in the situation (situational variables). Factors in the perceiver include following issues: Self-concept of the perceiver; Attitudes of the perceiver; Motives of the perceiver; Interests of the perceiver; Experience of the perceiver; Expectations of the perceiver. Factors in the target include following issues: Physical appearance; Verbal and Nonverbal Communication; Status; Occupations; Personal characteristics; Novelty of the target; Motion of the target; Sounds of the target; Size of the target; Background of the target; Factors in the situation include following issues: Social context; Organisational role; Work setting; Location of event; Â  Time. Collectively, these three sets of factors determine our perceptions about others. (b) A manufacturing company making automotive parts finds that workers working on the assembly line have poor attendance, leave for home early and are generally unproductive. They are fully unionized and resist any attempts by management to discipline them. If you are the HR Manager of such a company, what would you do? Discuss with reference to theories of motivation, leadership, participative management and quality circles. Motivation: Motivation: The process that account for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of efforts towards attaining a goal. Needs + Droves + Incentives Types of motives: Primary motives: Some motives are un learned physiologically based such motives are termed as physiological, biological, un learned or primary motives. Ex: Hunger, Thirst, Sleep, Sex, Avoidance of Pain, Maternal Concern General Motives: Number of motives, which can neither, be classified as primary, or secondary that can be referred to as general motives. Motive must be unlearned but not physiologically oriented. Ex: Curiosity, Manipulations, Activity Motives, Affection motives, Love, Concern, Feelings. Secondary Motives: Quite a few important human motives fall in this category. The important motives of Power, achievement, and affiliation are all secondary motives. Leadership: Leadership can be defined as the ability to influence a group towards, the attainment of pre-determined goals. Traditional Theories of Leadership: Trait Theories Differentiate leaders from non-leaders by focusing on personal qualities and characteristics Extraversion has strongest relation to leadership Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience also strongly related to leadership Agreeableness and Emotional Stability are not correlated with leadership. Behavioral Theories Behaviors can be taught traits cannot Leaders are trained not born Maslows Need Hierarchy Selfactualization Needs Self-esteem Needs Social Needs or Belonging and love and affection needs Security Needs Physiological Need or Basic Needs According to Maslow, certain concepts are relevant for understanding the needs. They are pre-potency, deprivation, domination, gratification and activation. Pre-potency is the strength associated with the needs. Physiological needs have greater pre-potency. Deprivation is the perception of an obstacle for satisfaction of a need. Thus, deprived need has high pre-potency. Domination is attaching importance to a need. A deprived need dominates the individual. In order to reduce dissonance associated with the deprivation, individuals try to gratify by undertaking some action. Therefore, gratification is the satisfaction of the need. Gratified need does not dominate. At the end, activation of need determine motivation. Need satisfaction activates the needs from one level to next higher levels. Maslow believes that these repeat as a cycle until the highest level need is satisfied. Based on the concept Maslow identified five categories of needs and their role in motivating individuals. They are described below: 1) Physiological Needs: Basic and primary needs required for human existence are physiological needs. They relate to biological and are required for preservation of basic human life. These needs are Identified to the human organ in the body. They are finite needs. They must be satisfied repeatedly until human beings die. They are not associated with money alone. They are hunger, thirst, sleep, shelter, sex, and other bodily needs. The proposition relating to the basic needs is that they are primary motivators to any individual and once they are satisfied, they no longer motivate. The next level need becomes important for satisfaction until the basic need is dormant. Provision of adequate monetary rewards to satisfy these needs motivate employees in organisations. 2) Safety Needs: Individuals seek protection from natural environment, biological danger, economic deprivation and emotional threat from other beings and animals. For this purpose, he wishes security for himself. The protection may be in the form of seeking a shelter and forming into primary groups to combat threat from the natural beings. The motivational proposition are that the safety needs dominate as soon as physiological needs are satisfied, and after individual seeks to satisfy fairly the security needs they do not motivate him. In order to motivate employees, organisations provide fringe benefits, health and accident insurance, housing loans, etc. 3) Social Needs: Basically individual is a social being. He cannot live in isolation and silence. Thus, he intends to establish relationship with other human beings and some times wish to rear animals. Social needs emerge from the basic urge of individuals to associate, belong with others, make friendship, make companionship, desire to be accepted by others and seek affection. These needs are secondary in nature. The propositions relating to social needs are that these needs are satisfied by symbolic behaviour and through physic and psychic contact with others in the society. They are substantially infinite and exist until the end of human life. Organisations should provide scope for formation of informal groups, encourage working in teams, and provide scope for interpersonal communication, interpersonal relationships and interpersonal understanding to motivate employees. 4) Esteem Needs: Maslow believes that people seek growth. They have natural desire to be identified and respected by others. This instinct is called as esteem. Esteem needs are associated with self-esteem and esteem from others. The need for power, self respect, autonomy, self confidence, achievement, recognition of competence, knowledge, desire to have freedom, status and secure attention of others, appreciation are some of the esteem needs individual wishes to satisfy. Maslow identified them, as higher order needs. The nature of esteem needs is that they are dormant until basic, security and social needs are fairly satisfied. Satisfaction of esteem needs produce a feeling of self-confidence, strength, capability and adequacy in the individuals. 5) Self-actualization Needs: Self-actualization is transformation of perception and dream into reality. Individuals have inner potential to do something different from others. Realising the full inner potential, one wishes to become what he is capable of becoming. Attaining to the level of fulfilment of selfactualization needs is a difficult task as individuals are not clear about their inner potentials until an opportunity is perceived. Moreover these needs change with a change in human life. The intensity of self-actualization changes over life cycle, vary from person to person and environment. The following propositions are made about the motivation of individuals based on the Maslow hierarchy of needs. i) Five needs are classified into lower order needs and higher order needs. While physiological, safety and security needs are lower order needs, esteem and self actualization needs are higher order needs. ii) Lower order needs are satisfied externally and higher needs are satisfied internally. iii) Individuals start satisfying lower order needs first and proceed to satisfy higher order needs later. iv) No need is fully satisfied during the life period of individuals. A need substantially satisfied no longer motivates. v) A need when substantially satisfied produces satisfaction and it becomes dormant. Immediately the next level need becomes active. So Individual is continuously motivated to satisfy unsatisfied needs. So, motivation is a continuous process. vi) Satisfaction of lower order needs does not produce contentment. In fact, they produce discontentment to satisfy other needs. vii) Not all individuals have the same priority to satisfy the needs. Priorities differ from country to country and from situation to situation. viii) Individuals are aggressive in the satisfaction of basic needs and unconsciousness demands the satisfaction. However, they use social consciousness in the satisfaction of other needs. Maslows need hierarchy theory of motivation was considered logical and simple to understand human motivation. The theory has received attention of practicing managers as they feel that identification of needs of employees provides an insight to motivate them. This theory suggested that giving same reward more than individuals desire will have diminishing marginal utility. This has specific significance to the practicing manager. Leadership Human Behavior As a leader, you need to interact with your followers, peers, seniors, and others; whose support you need in order to accomplish your goals. To gain their support, you must be able to understand and motivate them. To understand and motivate people, you must know human nature. Human nature is the common qualities of all human beings. People behave according to certain principles of human nature. Human needs are an important part of human nature. Values, beliefs, and customs differ from country to country and even within group to group, but in general, all people have a few basic needs. As a leader you must understand these needs because they can be powerful motivators. Characteristics of self-actualizing people: Have better perceptions of reality and are comfortable with it. Accept themselves and their own natures. Lack of artificiality. They focus on problems outside themselves and are concerned with basic issues and eternal questions. They like privacy and tend to be detached. Rely on their own development and continued growth.